I owe an immense debt of gratitude for the information on pre-historic Greece to the following articles from the Encyclopaedia Britannica CD-97. Chicago

James Mellaart. Catal-Huyuk

Since new evidence for the Indo-European invasions and their origins is being unearthed and reinterpreted constantly, these dates are extremely approximate. Some experts give the date as 1900 b.c. And one of the most interesting dissidents on the subject, Robert Drews, feels the date of these civilizational takeovers, is as late as 1600 b.c. (Robert Drews. The Coming of the Greeks

Michael Grant. The Rise of the Greeks. New York

Here they fathered a little-known and now extinct Caucasoid people known as the Tocharians. James Opie. "Xinjiang Remains and 'the Tocharian Problem'". The Journal of Indo-European studies, Fall 1995. J.P. Mallory. "Speculations on the Xinjiang Mummies." The Journal of Indo-European studies. Fall 1995.

David Anthony. "The Origin of Horseback Riding." Scientific American, December 1991

Colin Renfrew has won considerable attention for his dissenting view that the Indo European language was not spread by horse warfare but by peaceful agricultural expansion. See

Eric P.Hamp, "On the Indo-European origins of the retroflexes in Sanskrit." The Journal of the American Oriental Society, October 21, 1996

This is an inference derived from Herodotus' account of the Ionian capture of Miletus in roughly 1,000 b.c., when the Ionian civilization was heavily Indo-European in character. Says the Father of History, "The purest Ionians of all, brought no wives with them to the new country, but married Carian girls, whose fathers they had slain. Hence these women made a law, which they bound themselves by an oath to observe, and which they handed down to their daughters after them, 'That none should ever sit at meat with her husband, or call him by his name'; because the invaders slew their fathers, their husbands, and their sons, and then forced them to become their wives. It was at Miletus that these events took place." Herodotus. The History of Herodotus. In Library of the Future, 4th Edition, Ver. 5.0. Irvine, CA

Jonah Blank. Arrow of the Blue Skinned God

Hesiod. The Homeric Hymns and Homerica (c. 8th-6th Century b.c.), on the CD-Rom Library of the Future, 4th Edition, Ver. 5.0. Hesiod. The Homeric hymns. And Homerica with an English translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Cambridge, MA

There was a major Mycenaean palace at Athens. Geoffrey Barraclough, editor. The Times Atlas of World History. London

Michael Grant. The Rise of the Greeks

Women could not own property or even buy or sell anything worth more than a measure (medimnos) of barley on their own. (Oswyn Murray. "Life and Society in Classical Greece." In The Oxford History of the Classical World

Oswyn Murray. "Life and Society in Classical Greece." In The Oxford History of the Classical World

Geoffrey Barraclough, editor. The Times Atlas of World History

Oswyn Murray. "Life and Society in Classical Greece." In The Oxford History of the Classical World

Will Durant. The Life of Greece.

Michael Grant. The Rise of the Greeks

Herodotus. The Histories, trans. Aubrey de Selincourt. New York

Herodotus. History of Herodotus. In Library of the Future, 4th Edition, Ver. 5.0.

Plutarch. Agis. In Library of the Future, 4th Edition, Ver. 5.0. Solon was, indeed, a contemporary of Thales. Some historians believe Lycurgus was a mythological figure. Others feel he was real. If he existed, he would have been putting together his code during Thales' days as a political advisor in demand. Just to show how difficult it is to arrive at historical judgements, some scholars feel that Plutarch, who wrote roughly 650 years after Thales' death, is not a source to be taken seriously.

Plutarch. Solon. Library of the Future, 4th Edition, Ver. 5.0

Sun-Tzu is reputed to have been an advisor living in the period of Thales, and is said to have been responsible for the insights in the book popularly attributed to him, Ping-fa (The Art of War).

George Forrest. "Greece

Plato. Theaetetus. In Library of the Future, 4th Edition, Ver. 5.0. Plotting the movement of planets and stars was a specialty of one of Persia's prize possessions, Babylon.

Herodotus. History of Herodotus.

F. Diamandopoulos. "Thales of Miletus." In The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume Seven, edited by Paul Edwards, New York