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Thirteen/WNET and BBC-TV, co producers. "Hunters of the Sea Wind." New York

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Some cooperative bacteria go further than simply exchanging services. They actually remodel the tissue of their host to provide advantages for both species. (J.S. Foster, M.J. McFall-Ngai. "Induction of apoptosis by cooperative bacteria in the morphogenesis of host epithelial tissues." Development Genes and Evolution. August 1998

n.a. "Bugs that Energize Termites." Science, 29 January 1999

The interspecies web sometimes turns vicious, as when the malarial plasmodium manipulates the nervous system of a mosquito and makes it bite recklessly--a great way to spread malarial plasmodia to new victims and also shorten the mosquito's life. (Virginia Morell. "How the Malaria Parasite Manipulates Its Hosts." Science, 10 October 1997

Nancy E. Beckage. "The Parasitic Wasp's Secret Weapon." Scientific American, November 1997

The Comm Tech Lab and the Center for Microbial Ecology at Michigan State University.The Microbe Zoo DLC-ME Project, downloaded September 1999.

James Vaughn Kohl and Robert T. Francoeur. The Scent of Eros

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These bits of repetitive DNA, though a part of the genetic code, are called microsatellites. E. Richard Moxon and Christopher Wills. "DNA Microsatellites

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Actually, a milliliter is all it takes--a fifth of a teaspoon.

A colony of E. coli doubles in size every 20 minutes.

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The bacterially-derived enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction is Taq DNA Polymerase. For a simple explanation of PCR, see

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David Baltimore and Carole Heilman. "HIV Vaccines

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J. Süss, J. Schäfer, H. Sinnecker, R.G. Webster. "Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany." Archives of Virology, 135

G.B. Sharp, Y Kawaoka, D.J. Jones, W.J. Bean, S.P. Pryor, V. Hinshaw, R.G. Webster. "Coinfection of wild ducks by influenza A viruses

T. Ito, K. Okazaki, Y. Kawaoka, A. Takada, R.G. Webster, H. Kida. "Perpetuation of influenza A viruses in Alaskan waterfowl reservoirs." Archives of Virology, 140

L. Campitelli, I. Donatelli, E. Foni, M.R. Castrucci, C. Fabiani, Y. Kawaoka, S. Krauss, R.G. Webster. "Continued evolution of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses in pigs in Italy." Virology, June 9, 1997

V.F. Nettles, J.M. Wood, R.G. Webster. "Wildlife surveillance associated with an outbreak of lethal H5N2 avian influenza in domestic poultry." Avian Diseases, July-September 1985

J. Süss, J. Schäfer, H. Sinnecker, R.G. Webster. "Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany."

R.G. Webster. "Influenza virus

L.P. Shu, G.B. Sharp, Y.P. Lin, E.C. Claas, S.L. Krauss, K.F. Shortridge, R.G. Webster. "Genetic reassortment in pandemic and interpandemic influenza viruses. A study of 122 viruses infecting humans." European Journal of Epidemiology, February 1996

J.R. Schäfer, Y. Kawaoka, W.J. Bean, J. Süss, D. Senne, R.G. Webster. "Origin of the pandemic 1957 H2 influenza A virus and the persistence of ist possible progenitors in the avian reservoir." Virology, June 1993

R.G. Webster. "Influenza virus

Patricia Gadsby. "Fear of Flu."

W. Graeme Laver, Norbert Bischofberger and Robert G. Webster. "Disarming Flu Viruses." Scientific American, January 1999

W. Graeme Laver, Norbert Bischofberger and Robert G. Webster. "Disarming Flu Viruses"

E.C. Claas, A.D. Osterhaus, R. van Beek, J.C. De Jong, G.F. Rimmelzwaan, D.A. Senne, S. Krauss, K.F. Shortridge, R.G. Webster. "Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza." Lancet, February 1998

The Dutch team was centered at the Erasmus University's Department of Virology and WHO National Influenza Centre in Rotterdam.

Leaders of the Dutch team included J.C. de Jong, W.L. Lim, E.C.J. Claas, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus. (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. "1997 Research Report."www.stjude.org/sr/vmb.htm, December 1998.)

R.G. Webster. "Isolation of the Potentially Pandemic H5N1 Influenza Virus."

Jon Cohen. "The Flu Pandemic That Might Have Been"; Patricia Gadsby. "Fear of Flu"; J.C. de Jong, E.C. Claas, A.D. Osterhaus, R.G. Webster, W.L. Lim . "A pandemic warning?" Nature, October 9, 1997

R.G. Webster. "Predictions for future human influenza pandemics."

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. "1997 Research Report."

Webster has done research on AIDs in West African monkeys, so was very familiar with the knowledge gained from medical science's HIV wars. See

D.A. Senne, B. Panigrahy, Y. Kawaoka, J.E. Pearson, J. Süss, M. Lipkind, H. Kida, R.G. Webster. "Survey of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site sequence of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses

D.M. Feltquate, S. Heaney, R.G. Webster, H.L. Robinson. "Different T helper cell types and antibody isotypes generated by saline and gene gun DNA immunization." Journal of Immunology, March 1, 1997

E.A. Govorkova, G. Murti, B. Meignier, C. de Taisne, R.G. Webster. "African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells provide an alternative host cell system for influenza A and B viruses." Journal of Virology, August 1996

W. Graeme Laver, Norbert Bischofberger and Robert G. Webster. "Disarming Flu Viruses."

National Center for Infectious Diseases."About the NCID.", December, 1998.

World Health Organization. "Division of Emerging and other Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Control

R.G. Webster. "Influenza virus

W. Graeme Laver, Norbert Bischofberger and Robert G. Webster. "Disarming Flu Viruses"; Maggie Fox. "Fight Germs Before It's Too Late, WHO Warns." Reuters, June 17, 1999.